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将对国际石油运输产生越来越大的影响

  • BY: 小蓝海
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中国航运业编辑

 

当中国海洋产业在世界上占有一席之地的海洋产业,它的优点和缺点也暴露在全球竞争的洪水,这是事实,中国的港口和航运企业需要面对和关注在进行战略发展模式的变化。我国航运业在世界航运发展中的优势

 

从国际贸易的角度来看

 

据国际货币基金组织预测,2006年国际经济走势仍将保持稳定增长,美国和世界经济增速将分别保持3.6%和4.3%,中国国内生产总值增速也将保持在8.5%以上。

 

强劲的经济促进了世界贸易。2003年,国际贸易总额为15.35万亿美元。2005年达到21.1462万亿美元。在国际贸易中,“中国因素”是最大的亮点。2004年,中国进出口货值11547.4亿美元,出口货值5933.6亿美元,进口货值5613.8亿美元,分别增长35.7%、35.4%和36%。进出口总额首次超过1万亿美元。2005年,货物进出口总额达到14221亿美元,进出口总额居世界第三位。中国占世界贸易的比重从2004年的6.5%提高到7.3%,增长0.8个百分点。进口比重从5.9%提高到6.1%,增长0.2个百分点。中国进出口贸易呈现良好增长势头,继续在国际贸易中发挥重要作用。

 

从国际航运市场来看

 

2001年10月,国际干散货市场的BDI指数跌至845,为今年的最低点。2002年,该指数小幅上升,但涨幅不大,年底为1731点。2003年下半年,股市大幅上涨,10月份飙升至4470点,年末收于4467点。2004年,该指数保持良好的增长势头,达到6101点的最高点,年底收于4438点。2005年3月,该指数达到年内最高点4956点,年末收于2321点。自2002年以来,干散货运输总量有所加快。由于全球经济发展对大宗基础原料的巨大需求,铁矿石、煤炭等交通运输量迅速增长,中国作为世界经济发展最快的国家之一,发挥着十分重要的作用。近10年来,中国干散货运量年均增长17%,远高于国际市场水平,世界干散货航运市场70%的增量来自中国。以2003年为例,中国进口铁矿石1.48亿吨,占全球海运总量的28.5%。2004年,全球海运铁矿石6亿吨,进口2.08亿吨,占34.6%。2005年,在国家调控的影响下,增速有所回落,但仍有6000万吨的新增需求,全年进口2.48亿吨,增速约为20%。预计以中国为巨大引擎的国际干散货航运市场将在2006年继续增长,年均增长6%。

 

在石油运输方面,世界经济高度依赖石油。专家计算,全球经济每增长1%,每天就需要40万桶石油。水路运输作为石油运输的主要方式,完成了92%的石油贸易。2003年,全球原油海运运量为16亿吨,2004年进一步增长。据估计,2005年至2007年,国际原油海运运量平均增长率为3%左右。近年来,中国的石油需求大幅上升,并在2004年成为全球第二大石油消费国和进口国。2003年,中国进口原油9112万吨,占全球原油贸易的5.4%。2004年,中国进口原油1.22亿吨,首次突破1亿吨大关。2005年,原油消费量超过3亿吨,供需缺口将进一步扩大,2005年原油进口达到1.27亿吨。预计未来几年中国对石油的需求将保持高速增长,这将对国际石油运输产生越来越大的影响。

 

在集装箱运输方面,在太平洋航线和亚欧航线的带动下,集装箱贸易量自2002年以来迅速增长。2003年,国米的总销量China shipping industry editor

 

 

 

When China's Marine industry occupies a place in the world's Marine industry, its advantages and disadvantages are also exposed in the flood of global competition, which is a fact that China's port and shipping enterprises need to face and pay attention to the changes in the strategic development model. The advantage of China's shipping industry in the development of world shipping

 

 

 

From the perspective of international trade

 

 

 

According to the forecast of the international monetary fund, the international economy will maintain a steady growth in 2006. The growth rate of the us and the world economy will maintain 3.6% and 4.3% respectively, and the GDP growth rate of China will also maintain above 8.5%.

 

 

 

Strong economies have boosted world trade. In 2003, international trade totaled $15.35 trillion. Reached $21.1462 trillion in 2005. In international trade, "China factor" is the biggest bright spot. In 2004, China's imports and exports were worth us $1154.74 billion, exports us $593.36 billion and imports us $561.38 billion, up by 35.7 percent, 35.4 percent and 36 percent respectively. For the first time, imports and exports exceeded us $1 trillion. In 2005, the total volume of goods import and export reached us $1,422.1 billion, ranking the third in the world. China's share of world trade increased from 6.5 percent in 2004 to 7.3 percent, an increase of 0.8 percentage points. The proportion of imports increased from 5.9 percent to 6.1 percent, an increase of 0.2 percentage points. China's import and export trade shows a good momentum of growth and continues to play an important role in international trade.

 

 

 

From the point of view of international shipping market

 

 

 

In October 2001, the BDI index for the international dry bulk market fell to 845, its lowest level this year. In 2002, the index rose slightly but not much, ending the year at 1,731. The stock market rose sharply in the second half of 2003, surging to 4,470 in October and ending the year at 4,467. In 2004, the index maintained a good momentum of growth, reaching a peak of 6,101 points and closing at 4,438 points at the end of the year. In March 2005, the index peaked at 4,956 and closed at 2,321. Since 2002, the total volume of dry bulk transport has accelerated. As one of the world's fastest growing economies, China is playing an important role in the huge demand for bulk basic raw materials and the rapid growth of transportation volume such as iron ore and coal. Over the past decade, China's dry bulk shipping volume has grown by an average of 17% annually, much higher than the international market. China accounts for 70% of the growth of the world dry bulk shipping market. In 2003, for example, China imported 148m tonnes of iron ore, accounting for 28.5 per cent of global shipping. In 2004, the world seaborne iron ore 600 million tons, 208 million tons of imports, accounting for 34.6%. In 2005, under the influence of state regulation and control, the growth rate dropped to some extent, but there was still an additional demand of 60 million tons and 248 million tons of imports for the whole year, an increase of about 20%. The international dry bulk shipping market with China as the huge engine is expected to continue to grow in 2006 with an average annual growth rate of 6%.

 

 

 

The world economy is highly dependent on oil for transportation. Experts calculate that for every 1 percent growth in the global economy, 400,000 barrels of oil a day are needed. Water transportation, as the main mode of oil transportation, completed 92% of oil trade. In 2003, global crude oil shipping volume was 1.6 billion tons, and further increased in 2004. It is estimated that from 2005 to 2007, the average growth rate of international crude oil shipping volume is about 3%. China's oil demand has surged in recent years and in 2004 it became the world's second largest oil consumer and importer. In 2003, China imported 91.12 million tons of crude oil, accounting for 5.4 percent of global crude oil trade. In 2004, China imported 122 million tons of crude oil, breaking the 100 million tons mark for the first time. In 2005, the consumption of crude oil exceeded 300 million tons, and the gap between supply and demand will further expand, with crude oil imports reaching 127 million tons in 2005. China's demand for oil is expected to keep growing rapidly in the coming years, which will have a growing impact on international oil transportation.

 

 

 

In terms of container transportation, driven by the Pacific route and asia-europe route, the volume of container trade has increased rapidly since 2002. Total inter milan sales in 2003

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